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after prepositions

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1 who

who [hu:]

pronoun

a. (in questions) (qui est-ce) qui ; (after prep) qui

• who's there? qui est là ?

• who are you? qui êtes-vous ?

• who has the book? (qui est-ce) qui a le livre ?

• who does he think he is? il se prend pour qui ?

• who came with you? (qui est-ce) qui est venu avec vous ?

• who(m) did you see? qui avez-vous vu ?

• who(m) did you speak to? à qui avez-vous parlé ?

• who's the book by? le livre est de qui ?

• who is he to tell me...? (indignantly) de quel droit est-ce qu'il me dit... ?

b. (relative pronoun) qui

• my aunt who lives in London ma tante qui habite à Londres

• those who can swim ceux qui savent nager

* * *
[huː]
Note: who is translated by qui

In questions qui on its own as the object of a verb requires inversion of the verb: who did he call? = qui a-t-il appelé? but qui followed by est-ce que or est-ce qui needs no inversion: qui est-ce qu'il a appelé? Note, however, that the form il a appelé qui? is also used in spoken French

For particular usages see the entry below

pronoun

1) ( interrogative) ( as subject) qui (est-ce qui); ( as object) qui (est-ce que); ( after prepositions) qui

who knows the answer? — qui connaît la réponse?

who did you invite? — qui est-ce que tu as invité?, qui as-tu invité?

who's going to be there? — qui sera là?

who was she with? — avec qui était-elle?

who did you get it from? — qui te l'a donné?

do you know who's who? — est-ce que tu sais qui est qui?

I was strolling along when who should I see but Diane — je me promenais et devine qui j'ai rencontré...Diane

who shall I say is calling? — ( on phone) c'est de la part de qui?

2) ( relative) ( as subject) qui; ( as object) que; ( after prepositions) qui

his friend, who lives in Paris — son ami qui habite Paris

his friend who he sees once a week — l'ami qu'il voit une fois par semaine

he/she who — celui/celle qui

they ou those who — ceux/celles qui

those who have something to say should speak up now — quiconque a quelque chose à dire doit le dire or ceux qui ont quelque chose à dire doivent le dire maintenant

3) ( whoever)

bring who you like — tu peux amener qui tu veux

who do you think you are? — tu te prends pour qui?

who's he to tell you what to do? — de quel droit est-ce qu'il te donne des ordres?

English-French dictionary > who
2 whom

whom [hu:m]

pronoun

a. (in questions) qui

• whom did you see? qui avez-vous vu ?

• when was the photo taken and by whom? quand est-ce que la photo a été prise et par qui ?

b. (relative pronoun) my aunt, whom I love dearly ma tante, que j'aime tendrement

• the woman with whom he had an affair la femme avec qui il a eu une liaison

• my daughters, both of whom are married mes filles, qui sont toutes les deux mariées

* * *
[huːm]
Note: In questions, qui on its own requires inversion of the verb: whom do you wish to see? = qui voulez-vous voir? but qui followed by est-ce que needs no inversion: qui est-ce que vous voulez voir?

pronoun

1) ( interrogative) qui (est-ce que); ( after prepositions) qui

whom did she meet? — qui a-t-elle rencontré?, qui est-ce qu'elle a rencontré?

to whom are you referring? — à qui est-ce que vous faites allusion?

the article is by whom? — de qui est l'article?

2) ( relative) que; ( after prepositions) qui

the minister whom he'd seen — le ministre qu'il avait vu

the person to whom/of whom I spoke — la personne à qui/de qui or dont j'ai parlé

those whom he baptized — ceux qu'il a baptisés

...four of whom are young and all of whom are single —...dont quatre sont jeunes et qui sont tous célibataires

Kirsten and Matthew, both of whom had ridden before — Kirsten et Matthew, qui avaient déjà fait du cheval tous les deux

she pointed to the boys, one of whom was laughing — elle a indiqué le groupe de garçons dont un riait

he was particular about whom he chose — il était exigeant quant à ceux qu'il choisissait

3) ( whoever) qui

English-French dictionary > whom
3 who

who

❢ Who is translated by qui. In questions qui on its own as the object of a verb requires inversion of the verb: who did he call? = qui a-t-il appelé? but qui followed by est-ce que or est-ce qui needs no inversion: qui est-ce qu'il a appelé? Note, however, that the form il a appelé qui? is also used in spoken French.

For particular usages see the entry below. pron

1 ( interrogative) ( as subject) qui (est-ce qui) ; ( as object) qui (est-ce que) ; ( after prepositions) qui ; who knows the answer? qui connaît la réponse? ; who did you invite? qui est-ce que tu as invité?, qui as-tu invité? ; who's going to be there? qui sera là? ; behind/next to who? derrière/à côté de qui? ; who was she with? elle était avec qui?, avec qui était-elle? ; who does he live with? il habite avec qui?, avec qui est-ce qu'il habite? ; who did you buy it for? pour qui l'as-tu acheté? ; who did you get it from? qui te l'a donné? ; ‘I gave it away’-‘who to?’ ‘je l'ai donné’-‘à qui?’ ; do you know who's who? est-ce que tu sais qui est qui? ; I was strolling along when who should I see but Diane je me promenais et devine qui j'ai rencontré…Diane ; who shall I say is calling? ( on phone) ‘c'est de la part de qui?’ ;

2 ( relative) ( as subject) qui ; ( as object) que ; ( after prepositions) qui ; his friend who lives/who he sees son ami qui habite/qu'il voit ; he/she who celui/celle qui ; they ou those who ceux/celles qui ; those who have something to say should speak up now quiconque a quelque chose à dire doit le dire or ceux qui ont quelque chose à dire doivent le dire maintenant ;

3 ( whoever) bring who you like tu peux amener qui tu veux ; who do you think you are? tu te prends pour qui? ; who do you think you're talking to? à qui est-ce que tu crois parler? ; who's he to tell you what to do? de quel droit est-ce qu'il te donne des ordres?

Big English-French dictionary > who
4 whom

whom

❢ In questions, qui on its own requires inversion of the verb: whom do you wish to see? = qui voulez-vous voir? but qui followed by est-ce que needs no inversion: qui est-ce que vous voulez voir? pron

1 ( interrogative) qui (est-ce que) ; ( after prepositions) qui ; whom did she meet? qui a-t-elle rencontré?, qui est-ce qu'elle a rencontré? ; to whom are you referring? à qui est-ce que vous faites allusion? ; the article is by whom? de qui est l'article? ;

2 ( relative) que ; ( after prepositions) qui ; the minister whom he'd seen le ministre qu'il avait vu ; the person to whom/of whom I spoke la personne à qui/de qui or dont j'ai parlé ; those whom he baptized ceux qu'il a baptisés ; …four of whom are young and all of whom are single …dont quatre sont jeunes et qui sont tous célibataires ; Kirsten and Matthew, both of whom had ridden before Kirsten et Matthew, qui avaient déjà fait du cheval tous les deux ; she pointed to the boys, one of whom was laughing elle a indiqué le groupe de garçons dont un riait ; he was particular about whom he chose il était exigeant quant à ceux qu'il choisissait ;

3 ( whoever) qui ; you may invite whom you wish vous pouvez inviter qui vous voulez.

Big English-French dictionary > whom
5 itself

itself [ɪtˈself]

pronoun

   a.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► When used emphatically, itself is translated lui-même if the noun it refers to is masculine, and elle-même if the noun is feminine.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• the book itself is not valuable le livre lui-même n'a pas grande valeur

• the chair itself was covered with ink la chaise elle-même était couverte d'encre

• this was itself a sign of progress c'était en soi un signe encourageant

• I live in the city itself j'habite dans la ville même

► by itself

• the door closes by itself la porte se ferme toute seule

• the mere will to cooperate is by itself not sufficient la simple volonté de coopérer n'est pas suffisante en soi► in itself en soi

• just reaching the semifinals has been an achievement in itself arriver en demi-finale a déjà été un exploit en soi

• an end in itself une fin en soi► in and of itself en soi

   b. (emphasizing quality) you've been kindness itself vous avez été la gentillesse même

• it was simplicity itself c'était la simplicité même

   c. (reflexive) se

• the dog hurt itself le chien s'est fait mal

• the computer can reprogram itself l'ordinateur peut se reprogrammer tout seul

* * *
[ɪt'self]
Note: When used as a reflexive pronoun, direct and indirect, itself is translated by se (s' before a vowel or mute h): the cat hurt itself = le chat s'est fait mal; a problem presented itself = un problème s'est présenté

When used for emphasis itself is translated by lui-même when standing for a masculine noun and elle-même when standing for a feminine noun: the car itself was not damaged = la voiture elle-même n'était pas endommagée

For examples and particular usages see the entry below

For uses with prepositions ( by itself etc) see 3 below

pronoun

1) ( refl) se, s'

2) ( emphatic) lui-même/elle-même

the house itself was pretty — la maison elle-même était jolie

in the university itself — dans l'université même or dans l'université elle-même

he was kindness itself — c'était la bonté même or personnifiée

3) ( after prepositions)

the heating comes on by itself — le chauffage se met en marche tout seul

the house stands by itself — la maison est toute seule

the library is a fine building in itself — la bibliothèque par elle-même est un beau bâtiment

learning French is not difficult in itself — l'apprentissage du français n'est pas difficile en soi

English-French dictionary > itself
6 itself

itself

❢ When used as a reflexive pronoun, direct and indirect, itself is translated by se (s' before a vowel or mute h): the cat hurt itself = le chat s'est fait mal ; a problem presented itself = un problème s'est présenté. When used for emphasis itself is translated by lui-même when standing for a masculine noun and elle-même when standing for a feminine noun: the car itself was not damaged = la voiture elle-même n'était pas endommagée. For examples and particular usages see the entry below. For uses with prepositions ( by itself etc) see 3 below. pron

1 ( refl) se, s' ;

2 ( emphatic) lui-même/elle-même ; the house itself was pretty la maison elle-même était jolie ; the library is not in the university itself la bibliothèque n'est pas dans l'université même or dans l'université elle-même ; he was kindness itself c'était la bonté personnifiée ;

3 ( after prepositions) the heating comes on by itself le chauffage se met en marche tout seul ; the house stands by itself in the middle of a field la maison est toute seule au milieu d'un champ ; the library is a fine building in itself la bibliothèque par elle-même est un beau bâtiment ; learning French is not difficult in itself l'apprentissage du français n'est pas difficile en soi.

Big English-French dictionary > itself
7 him

him [hɪm]

personal pronoun

   a. (direct object) le ; (before vowel or silent "h") l'

• she hates him elle le déteste

• I'm going to call him je vais l'appeler

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► le precedes the verb, except in positive commands.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• don't disturb him ne le dérangez pas

• look at him! regardez-le !

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► When the French verb consists of avoir + past participle, l' precedes the form of avoir.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• I have seen him je l'ai vu

   b. (indirect object) lui

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Some French verbs take an indirect object. This means they are either followed by à + noun, or require an indirect pronoun.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• I'm going to phone him tomorrow je vais lui téléphoner demain

• we're going to give him a present nous allons lui offrir un cadeau

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► lui precedes the verb, except in positive commands.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• don't phone him ne lui téléphone pas

• phone him téléphone-lui

► to him lui

• what are you going to say to him? qu'est-ce que tu vas lui dire ?

• I'm speaking to him je lui parle

• nobody spoke to him personne ne lui a parlé

   c. (emphatic) lui

• it's him c'est lui

   d. ► preposition + him lui

• I am thinking about him je pense à lui

• I'm proud of him je suis fier de lui

• without him sans lui

• younger than him plus jeune que lui

* * *
[hɪm]
Note: When used as a direct object pronoun, him is translated by le (l' before a vowel). Note that the object pronoun normally comes before the verb in French: I know him = je le connais; I've already seen him = je l'ai déjà vu

In imperatives, the direct object pronoun is translated by le and comes after the verb: catch him! = attrape-le! (note the hyphen)

When used as an indirect object pronoun, him is translated by lui: I've given him the book = je lui ai donné le livre; I've given it to him = je le lui ai donné

In imperatives, the indirect object pronoun is translated by lui and comes after the verb: phone him! = téléphone-lui!; give it to him = donne-le-lui (note the hyphens)

After prepositions and after the verb to be the translation is lui: she did it for him = elle l'a fait pour lui; it's him = c'est lui

pronoun

1) ( direct object) le, l'

I like him — je l'aime bien

catch him! — attrape-le!

2) (indirect object, after prep) lui

English-French dictionary > him
8 him

him

❢ When used as a direct object pronoun, him is translated by le (l' before a vowel). Note that the object pronoun normally comes before the verb in French: I know him = je le connais ; I've already seen him = je l'ai déjà vu.

In imperatives, the direct object pronoun is translated by le and comes after the verb: catch him! = attrape-le (note the hyphen). When used as an indirect object pronoun, him is translated by lui: I've given him the book = je lui ai donné le livre ; I've given it to him = je le lui ai donné. In imperatives, the indirect object pronoun is translated by lui and comes after the verb: phone him! = téléphone-lui ; give it to him = donne-le-lui (note the hyphens). After prepositions and after the verb to be the translation is lui: she did it for him = elle l'a fait pour lui ; it's him = c'est lui. pron

1 ( direct obj) le, l' ; I like him je l'aime bien ; catch him! attrape-le! ;

2 (indirect obj, after prep) lui.

Big English-French dictionary > him
9 which

which [wɪt∫]

1. adjective

   a. (in questions) quel

• which card did he take? quelle carte a-t-il prise ? laquelle des cartes a-t-il prise ?

• I don't know which book he wants je ne sais pas quel livre il veut

• which one? lequel (or laquelle) ?

   b. in which case... auquel cas...

• he spent a week here, during which time... il a passé une semaine ici au cours de laquelle...

2. pronoun

   a. (in questions) lequel m, laquelle f

• which of these maps is the best? quelle est la meilleure de ces cartes ? laquelle de ces cartes est la meilleure ?

• which have you taken? lequel m (or laquelle f ) avez-vous pris (e) ?

• which of you (two) is taller? lequel de vous deux est le plus grand ? qui est le plus grand de vous deux ?

• which of you owns the red car? lequel d'entre vous est le propriétaire de la voiture rouge ?

   b. ( = the one or ones that) (subject) celui m (or celle f or ceux mpl or celles fpl) qui ; (object) celui que

• I don't mind which you give me vous pouvez me donner celui que vous voudrez

• I don't mind which n'importe lequel, ça m'est égal

• show me which is the cheapest montrez-moi celui qui est le moins cher

• I can't tell which is which je ne peux pas les distinguer

• I know which I'd rather have je sais bien ce que je choisirais

   c. ( = that) (subject) qui ; (object) que ; (after prep) lequel m (or laquelle f or lesquels mpl or lesquelles fpl)

• the book which is on the table le livre qui est sur la table

• the apple which you ate la pomme que vous avez mangée

• the box which you put it in la boîte dans laquelle vous l'avez mis

• opposite which en face duquel (or de laquelle)

• the book which I told you about le livre dont je vous ai parlé

   d. ( = and that) (subject) ce qui ; (object) ce que ; (after prep) quoi

• he said he knew her, which is true il a dit qu'il la connaissait, ce qui est vrai

• she called me "Bobby", which I don't like elle m'a appelé « Bobby », ce que je n'aime pas

• after which we went to bed après quoi nous sommes allés nous coucher

* * *
[wɪtʃ], US [hwɪtʃ] 1.
pronoun

1) (also which one) lequel m, laquelle f

which do you want, the red skirt or the blue one? — laquelle est-ce que tu veux, la jupe rouge ou la bleue?

which of the groups...? — ( referring to one) lequel des groupes...?; ( referring to several) lesquels des groupes...?

show her which you mean — montre-lui celui/celle etc que tu veux dire

do you mind which you have? — est-ce que tu as une préférence?

I don't mind which — ça m'est égal

can you tell which is which? — peux-tu les distinguer?

2) ( relative to preceding noun) ( as subject) qui; ( as object) que; ( after prepositions) lequel/laquelle/lesquels/lesquelles

the contract which he's spoken about ou about which he's spoken — le contrat dont il a parlé

3) ( relative to preceding clause or concept) ( as subject) ce qui; ( as object) ce que

which reminds me... — ce qui me fait penser que...

we'll be moving, before which we need to... — nous allons déménager mais avant il faut que nous...

he's resigned, from which we must assume that — il a démissionné, d'où on peut déduire que
2.
determiner

1) ( interrogative) quel/quelle/quels/quelles (before n)

which books? — quels livres?

which one of the children? — lequel or laquelle des enfants?

2) ( relative)

he left the room, during which time... — il a quitté la pièce et pendant ce temps-là...

you may wish to join, in which case... — vous voulez peut-être vous inscrire, auquel cas...

English-French dictionary > which
10 Usage note : her

When used as a direct object pronoun, her is translated by la (l’ before a vowel). Note that the object pronoun normally comes before the verb in French and that, in compound tenses like perfect and past perfect, the past participle agrees with the pronoun:

I know her

= je la connais

I’ve already seen her

= je l’ai déjà vue

In imperatives, the direct object pronoun is translated by la and comes after the verb:

catch her!

= attrape-la!

(note the hyphen)

When used as an indirect object pronoun, her is translated by lui:

I’ve given her the book

= je lui ai donné le livre

I’ve given it to her

= je le lui ai donné

In imperatives, the indirect object pronoun is translated by lui and comes after the verb:

phone her

= téléphone-lui

give them to her

= donne-les-lui

(note the hyphens)

After prepositions and after the verb to be the translation is elle:

he did it for her

= il l’a fait pour elle

it’s her

= c’est elle

When translating her as a determiner ( her house etc.) remember that in French possessive adjectives, like most other adjectives, agree in gender and number with the noun they qualify ; her is translated by son + masculine singular noun ( son chien), sa + feminine singular noun ( sa maison) BUT son + feminine noun beginning with a vowel or mute ‘h’ ( son assiette), and ses + plural noun ( ses enfants).

For her used with parts of the body ⇒ The human body.

Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : her
11 me

me [mi:]

1. personal pronoun

   a. (direct) (unstressed) me ; (before vowel or silent "h") m' ; (stressed) moi

• he can see me il me voit

• he saw me il m'a vu

• you don't like jazz? Me, I love it (inf) tu n'aimes pas le jazz ? Moi, j'adore

   b. (indirect) me, moi ; (before vowel or silent "h") m'

• he gave me the book il m'a donné le livre

   c. (after preposition etc) moi

• give it to me donnez-le-moi

• he was speaking to me il me parlait

• I'll take it with me je l'emporterai avec moi

• it's me c'est moi

• you're smaller than me tu es plus petit que moi

• if you were me à ma place

2. noun

(Music) mi m

* * *

Note: When used as a direct or indirect object pronoun me is translated by me (or m' before a vowel): she knows me = elle me connaît; he loves me = il m'aime

Note that the object pronoun normally comes before the verb in French and that in compound tenses like the present perfect and past perfect, the past participle of the verb agrees with the direct object pronoun: he's seen me (female speaker) = il m'a vue

In imperatives the translation for both the direct and the indirect object pronoun is moi and comes after the verb: kiss me! = embrasse-moi!; give it to me! = donne-le-moi! (note the hyphens)

After prepositions and the verb to be the translation is moi: she did it for me = elle l'a fait pour moi; it's me = c'est moi

For particular expressions see below
I [miː, mɪ]
pronoun me; (before vowel) m'

it's for me — c'est pour moi

poor little me — (colloq) pauvre de moi

if you were me — à ma place
II [miː]
noun Music mi m

English-French dictionary > me
12 us

us [ʌs]

personal pronoun

nous

• he hit us il nous a frappés

• give it to us donnez-le-nous

• in front of us devant nous

• let's go! allons-y !

• younger than us plus jeune que nous

• both of us tous (or toutes) les deux

• several of us plusieurs d'entre nous

• he is one of us il est des nôtres

* * *
[ʌs, əs]
Note: The direct or indirect object pronoun us is always translated by nous: she knows us = elle nous connaît. Note that both the direct and the indirect object pronouns come before the verb in French and that in compound tenses like the present perfect and past perfect, the past participle agrees in gender and number with the direct object pronoun: he's seen us ( masculine or mixed gender object) il nous a vus; ( feminine object) il nous a vues

In imperatives nous comes after the verb: tell us! = dis-nous!; give it to us or give us it = donne-le-nous (note the hyphens)

After the verb to be and after prepositions the translation is also nous: it's us = c'est nous

For expressions with let us or let's see the entry let

For particular usages see the entry below

pronoun nous

both of us — tous/toutes les deux

every single one of us — chacun/-e d'entre nous

people like us — des gens comme nous

some of us — quelques uns/unes d'entre nous

she's one of us — elle est des nôtres

give us a hand, will you? — (colloq) tu peux me donner un coup de main s'il te plaît?

give us a look! — (colloq) fais voir!

English-French dictionary > us
13 us

us,

❢ The direct or indirect object pronoun us is always translated by nous: she knows us = elle nous connaît. Note that both the direct and the indirect object pronouns come before the verb in French and that in compound tenses like the present perfect and past perfect, the past participle agrees in gender and number with the direct object pronoun: he's seen us ( masculine or mixed gender object) il nous a vus ; ( feminine object) il nous a vues.

In imperatives nous comes after the verb: tell us! = dis-nous! ; give it to us or give us it = donne-le-nous (note the hyphens). After the verb to be and after prepositions the translation is also nous: it's us = c'est nous. For expressions with let us or let's see the entry let. For particular usages see the entry below. pron nous ; both of us tous/toutes les deux ; both of us like Balzac nous aimons Balzac tous/toutes les deux ; ( more informally) on aime Balzac tous/toutes les deux ; every single one of us chacun/-e d'entre nous ; people like us des gens comme nous ; some of us quelques-uns/-unes d'entre nous ; she's one of us elle est des nôtres ; give us a hand, will you ○ ? tu peux me donner un coup de main s'il te plaît? ; oh give us a break ○ ! fiche-moi la paix ○ ! ; give us a look ○ ! fais voir!

Big English-French dictionary > us
14 Usage note : them

When used as a direct object pronoun, referring to people, animals or things, them is translated by les:

I know them

= je les connais

Note that the object pronoun normally

comes before the verb in French and that in compound tenses like the present perfect and past perfect, the past participle agrees in gender and number with the direct object pronoun:

He’s seen them

( them being masculine or of mixed gender)

= il les a vus

( them being all feminine gender)

= il les a vues

In imperatives, the direct object pronoun is translated by les and comes after the verb:

catch them!

= attrape-les! (note the hyphen)

When used as an indirect object pronoun, them is translated by leur:

I gave them it or I gave it to them

= je le leur ai donné

In imperatives, the indirect object pronoun is translated by leur and comes after the verb:

phone them!

= téléphone-leur! (note the hyphen)

After prepositions and the verb to be, the translation is eux for masculine or mixed gender and elles for feminine gender:

he did it for them

= il l’a fait pour eux or pour elles

it’s them

= ce sont eux or ce sont elles

For particular usages see the entry them.

Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : them
15 me

I.

me n Mus mi m.

II.

me,

❢ When used as a direct or indirect object pronoun me is translated by me (or m' before a vowel): she knows me = elle me connaît ; he loves me = il m'aime. Note that the object pronoun normally comes before the verb in French and that in compound tenses like the present perfect and past perfect, the past participle of the verb agrees with the direct object pronoun: he's seen me (female speaker) = il m'a vue. In imperatives the translation for both the direct and the indirect object pronoun is moi and comes after the verb: kiss me! = embrasse-moi! ; give it to me! = donne-le-moi! (note the hyphens). After prepositions and the verb to be the translation is moi: she did it for me = elle l'a fait pour moi ; it's me = c'est moi. For particular expressions see below. pron me, ( before vowel) m' ; it's for me c'est pour moi ; poor little me ○ pauvre de moi ; what would you do if you were me? qu'est-ce que tu ferais à ma place? ; dear me ○ !, deary me ○ ! ça alors!

Big English-French dictionary > me
16 there

there [ðεə^r]

1. adverb

a. (place) y before vb, là

• we shall soon be there nous serons bientôt arrivés

• put it there posez-le là

• in there là-dedans

• down or over there là-bas

• somewhere round there quelque part par là

• from there de là

• they went there and back in two hours ils ont fait l'aller et retour en deux heures

• to be there for sb (inf) ( = supportive) être là pour qn

► there is ( = there exists) → be

► to be there ( = exist) exister

• if the technology is there, someone will use it si la technologie existe, quelqu'un l'utilisera

b. (other uses) there he is! le voilà !

• there you are ( = I've found you) (ah) vous voilà ! ; (offering sth) voilà

• hurry up there! eh ! dépêchez-vous !

• there's my mother calling me il y a ma mère qui m'appelle

• I disagree with you there là je ne suis pas d'accord avec vous

• you've got me there! alors là, ça me dépasse ! (inf)

• there comes a time when... il vient un moment où...

• you press this switch and there you are! tu appuies sur ce bouton et ça y est !

• there you are, I told you that would happen tu vois, je t'avais bien dit que ça allait arriver

• there they go! les voilà qui partent !

• I had hoped to finish early, but there you go j'espérais finir tôt mais tant pis

• he's all there (inf) ( = not stupid) il n'est pas idiot

• he's not all there (inf) il est un peu demeuré (inf)

2. exclamation

• there, what did I tell you? alors, qu'est-ce que je t'avais dit ?

• there, there, don't cry! allons, allons, ne pleure pas !

• there now, that didn't hurt, did it? eh bien, ça n'a pas fait si mal que ça, si ?

* * *

Note: there is generally translated by là after prepositions: near there = près de là etc and when emphasizing the location of an object/a point etc visible to the speaker: put them there = mettez-les là

Remember that voilà is used to draw attention to a visible place/object/person: there's my watch = voilà ma montre, whereas il y a is used for generalizations: there's a village nearby = il y a un village tout près

there when unstressed with verbs such as aller and être is translated by y: we went there last year = nous y sommes allés l'année dernière, but not where emphasis is made: it was there that we went last year = c'est là que nous sommes allés l'année dernière

For examples of the above and further uses of there see the entry below
[ðeə(r)] 1.
pronoun ( as impersonal subject) il

there seems ou appears to be — il semble y avoir

there is/are — il y a

there are many reasons — il y a beaucoup de raisons

there is some left — il en reste

once upon a time there was — il était une fois

there'll be a singsong later — on va chanter plus tard

there's no denying that — personne ne peut nier que
2.
adverb

1) ( that place or point) là

up to there —

down to there — jusque là

put it in there — mettez-le là-dedans

in there please — ( ushering somebody) par là s'il vous plaît

2) ( at or to that place) là

stand there — mettez-vous là

go over there — va là-bas

since we were last there — depuis la dernière fois que nous y sommes allés

it's there that — gen c'est là que; ( when indicating) c'est là où

to go there and back in an hour — faire l'aller et retour en une heure

take the offer while it's there — fig profite de l'occasion pendant que c'est possible

3) ( to draw attention) (to person, activity etc) voilà; ( to place) là

what have you got there? — qu'est-ce que tu as là?

there goes the coach — voilà le car qui s'en va

there you go again — fig ça y est, c'est reparti

there you are — ( seeing somebody arrive) vous voilà; ( giving object) tenez, voilà; ( that's done) et voilà

there's a bus coming — voilà un bus

that paragraph there — ce paragraphe

my colleague there will show you — mon collègue va vous montrer

which one? this one or that one there? — lequel? celui-ci ou celui-là?

there's why! — ça explique tout!

4) ( indicating arrival) là

will she be there now? — est-ce qu'elle y est maintenant?

when do they get there? — quand est-ce qu'ils arrivent là-bas?

there I was at last — j'étais enfin là-bas

the train won't be there yet — le train ne sera pas encore là

we get off there — c'est là qu'on descend

5) ( indicating juncture) là

there we must finish — nous devons nous arrêter là

there was our chance — c'était notre chance

so there we were in the same cell — et comme ça on s'est retrouvé dans la même cellule

6) (colloq) ( emphatic)

hello there! — salut!

hey you there! — eh toi là-bas!
3.
there and then adverbial phrase directement
4.
there again adverbial phrase ( on the other hand) d'un autre côté
5.
exclamation

there there! — ( soothingly) allez! allez!

there! — ( triumphantly) voilà!

there, I told you! — voilà, je te l'avais bien dit!

there, you've woken the baby! — c'est malin, tu as réveillé le bébé!

English-French dictionary > there
17 there

there

❢ There is generally translated by là after prepositions: near there = près de là etc and when emphasizing the location of an object/point etc visible to the speaker: put them there = mettez-les là. Remember that voilà is used to draw attention to a visible place/object/person: there's my watch = voilà ma montre, whereas il y a is used for generalizations: there's a village nearby = il y a un village tout près. there when unstressed with verbs such as aller and être is translated by y: we went there last year = nous y sommes allés l'année dernière, but not where emphasis is made: it was there that we went last year = c'est là que nous sommes allés l'année dernière. For examples of the above and further uses of there see the entry below.

A pron ( as impersonal subject) il ; there seems ou appears to be il semble y avoir ; there is/are il y a ; there are many reasons il y a beaucoup de raisons ; there is some left il en reste ; once upon a time there was il était une fois ; there'll be a singsong later on va chanter plus tard ; there's no denying that personne ne peut nier que ; suddenly there appeared a fairy littér soudain est apparue une fée ; there arose cries from the audience littér des cris sont montés de la salle.

B adv

1 ( that place or point) là ; far from/near/two kilometres from there loin de/près de/à deux kilomètres de là ; up to there, down to there jusque là ; put it in there mettez-le là-dedans ; in there please ( ushering sb) par là s'il vous plaît ; we left there on Thursday nous sommes partis de là jeudi ;

2 ( at or to that place) là ; stop there arrêtez-vous là ; sign there please veuillez signer là s'il vous plaît ; stand there mettez-vous là ; go over there va là-bas ; are you still there? ( on phone) est-ce que tu es toujours là? ; since we were last there depuis la dernière fois que nous y sommes allés ; it's there that gen c'est là que ; ( when indicating) c'est là où ; to go there and back in an hour faire l'aller et retour en une heure ; take the offer while it's there fig profite de l'occasion pendant que c'est possible ;

3 ( to draw attention) (to person, activity etc) voilà ; ( to place) là ; what have you got there? qu'est-ce que tu as là? ; there they go les voilà qui s'en vont ; there goes the coach voilà le car qui s'en va ; there you go again fig ça y est c'est reparti ; there you are ( seeing sb arrive) vous voilà ; ( giving object) tenez, voilà ; ( that's done) et voilà ; there is a hammer/are some nails voilà un marteau/des clous ; there's a bus coming voilà un bus ; listen, there's my sister calling tiens, voilà ma sœur qui appelle ; that paragraph/sales assistant there ce paragraphe/vendeur ; my colleague there will show you mon collègue va vous montrer ; which one? this one or that one there? lequel? celui-ci ou celui-là? ; what does it say there? qu'est-ce qui est marqué là? ; there's why! ça explique tout! ;

4 ( indicating arrival) là ; will she be there now? est-ce qu'elle y est maintenant? ; when do they get there? quand est-ce qu'ils arrivent là-bas? ; there I was at last j'étais enfin là-bas ; the train won't be there yet le train ne sera pas encore là ; we get off there c'est là qu'on descend ;

5 ( indicating juncture) là ; there we must finish nous devons nous arrêter là ; I'd like to interrupt you there là je me permets de vous interrompre ; there was our chance c'était notre chance ; I think you're wrong there je crois que là tu te trompes ; so there we were in the same cell et comme ça on s'est retrouvés dans la même cellule ;

6 ○ ( emphatic) that there contraption ce truc-là ○ ; hello there! salut! ; hey you there! eh toi là-bas!

C there and then adv phr directement.

D there again adv phr ( on the other hand) d'un autre côté.

E excl there there! ( soothingly) allez! allez! ; there! ( triumphantly) voilà! ; there, I told you! voilà, je te l'avais bien dit! ; there, you've woken the baby! c'est malin, tu as réveillé le bébé! ; ⇒ so.

Big English-French dictionary > there
18 which

which ⇒ Usage note: which, US hwItS

A pron

1 ( also which one) lequel m, laquelle f ; which do you want, the red skirt or the blue one? laquelle est-ce que tu veux, la jupe rouge ou la bleue? ; which of the groups…? ( referring to one) lequel des groupes…? ; ( referring to several) lesquels des groupes …? ; which of you…? lequel/laquelle etc de vous or d'entre vous…? ; I know which you'd like je sais lequel/laquelle etc tu voudrais ; show her which you mean montre-lui celui/celle etc que tu veux dire ; which is the best/the shortest route? quel est le meilleur chemin/le chemin le plus court? ; do you mind which you have? est-ce que tu as une préférence? ; I don't mind which ça m'est égal ; can you tell which is which? peux-tu les distinguer? ;

2 ( relative to preceding noun) ( as subject) qui ; ( as object) que ; ( after prepositions) lequel/laquelle/lesquels/lesquelles ; the painting which hangs in the sitting room le tableau qui est accroché dans le salon ; you'll see some crates behind which I've placed… tu verras des caisses derrière lesquelles j'ai mis… ; the contract which he's spoken about ou about which he's spoken le contrat dont il a parlé ;

3 ( relative to preceding clause or concept) ( as subject) ce qui ; ( as object) ce que ; he said he hadn't done it, which may be true/which he can't prove il a nié l'avoir fait, ce qui est peut-être vrai/ce qu'il ne peut pas prouver ; which reminds me… ce qui me fait penser que… ; upon which she disappeared littér sur quoi elle a disparu ; we'll be moving, before which we need to… nous allons déménager mais avant il faut que nous… ; he's resigned, from which we must assume that il a démissionné, d'où on peut déduire que.

B det

1 ( interrogative) quel/quelle/quels/quelles (before n) ; which books? quels livres? ; which medals did he win? quelles médailles a-t-il gagnées? ; he told me which jacket he'd like il m'a dit quelle veste il aimerait avoir ; she asked me which coach was leaving first elle m'a demandé lequel des cars allait partir le premier ; which one of the children…? lequel or laquelle des enfants…? ;

2 ( relative) he left the room, during which time… il a quitté la pièce et pendant ce temps-là… ; you may wish to join, in which case… vous voulez peut-être vous inscrire, auquel cas… ; he failed to apologize, for which mistake he paid dearly sout il ne s'est même pas excusé, (c'est une) erreur qu'il a payée cher.

Big English-French dictionary > which
19 when

when [wen]

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

1. adverb

2. conjunction

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

1. adverb

quand

• when does the term start? quand commence le trimestre ?

• when did it happen? quand cela s'est-il passé ? ça s'est passé quand ?

• when was the Channel Tunnel opened? quand a-t-on ouvert le tunnel sous la Manche ?

• when's the wedding? quand a lieu le mariage ?

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► There is no inversion after quand in indirect questions.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• I don't know when I'll see him again je ne sais pas quand je le reverrai

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► If when means what time, the more specific translation is often used.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• when does the train leave? à quelle heure part le train ?

• when do you finish work? à quelle heure est-ce tu quittes le travail ?

► say when! (inf) (pouring drinks) vous m'arrêterez...

2. conjunction

   a. ( = at the time that) quand

• everything looks nicer when the sun is shining tout est plus joli quand le soleil brille

• I take an aspirin when I have a headache je prends un cachet d'aspirine quand j'ai mal à la tête

• he had just sat down when the phone rang il venait juste de s'asseoir quand la téléphone a sonné

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► If the when clause refers to the future, the future tense is used in French.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• I'll do it when I have time je le ferai quand j'aurai le temps

• when you're older, you'll understand quand tu seras plus grand, tu comprendras

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► en + present participle may be used, if the subject of both clauses is the same, and the verb is one of action.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• he blushed when he saw her il a rougi en la voyant

• take care when opening the tin faites attention en ouvrant la boîte

► when + noun/adjective

• when a student at Oxford, she... quand elle était étudiante à Oxford, elle...

• my father, when young, had a fine tenor voice quand mon père était jeune il avait une belle voix de ténor

• the floor is slippery when wet le sol est glissant quand il est mouillé

   b. (with day, time, movement) où

• on the day when I met him le jour où je l'ai rencontré

• at the time when I should have been at the station à l'heure où j'aurais dû être à la gare

• at the very moment when I was about to leave juste au moment où j'allais partir

• there are times when I wish I'd never met him il y a des moments où je souhaiterais ne l'avoir jamais rencontré

   c. ( = which is when) he arrived at 8 o'clock, when traffic is at its peak il est arrivé à 8 heures, heure à laquelle la circulation est la plus intense

• in August, when peaches are at their best en août, époque où les pêches sont les plus savoureuses

   d. ( = the time when) he told me about when you got lost in Paris il m'a raconté le jour où vous vous êtes perdu dans Paris

• now is when I need you most c'est maintenant que j'ai le plus besoin de vous

• that's when the programme starts c'est à cette heure-là que l'émission commence

• that's when Napoleon was born c'est l'année où Napoléon est né

• that was when the trouble started c'est alors que les ennuis ont commencé

   e. ( = after) quand

• when you read the letter you'll know why quand vous aurez lu la lettre vous comprendrez pourquoi

• when he had made the decision, he felt better après avoir pris la décision, il s'est senti soulagé

• when they had left he telephoned me après leur départ il m'a téléphoné

   f. ( = whereas) alors que

• he thought he was recovering, when in fact... il pensait qu'il était en voie de guérison alors qu'en fait...

   g. ( = if) how can I be self-confident when I look like this? comment veux-tu que j'aie confiance en moi en étant comme ça ?

• how can you understand when you won't listen? comment voulez-vous comprendre si vous n'écoutez pas ?

* * *
[wen], US [hwen] 1.
pronoun

1) ( with prepositions) quand

since when? — depuis quand? also iron

2) ( the time when)

that was when it all started to go wrong — c'est à ce moment-là que tout a commencé à mal aller

that's when I was born — ( day) c'est le jour où je suis né; ( year) c'est l'année où je suis né

he spoke of when he was a child — il a parlé de l'époque où il était enfant
2.
adverb

1) ( as interrogative) quand (est-ce que)

when are we leaving? — quand est-ce qu'on part?

I wonder when the film starts — je me demande à quelle heure commence le film

I forget exactly when — ( time) j'ai oublié l'heure exacte; ( date) j'ai oublié la date exacte

tell me ou say when — ( pouring drink) dis-moi stop

2) ( as relative)

in 1993 when — en 1993 quand

at the time when — ( precise moment) au moment où; ( during same period) à l'époque où

the week when it all happened — la semaine où tout s'est passé

on those rare occasions when — les rares fois où

it's times like that when — c'est dans ces moments-là que

one morning when he was getting up, he... — un matin en se levant, il...

3) ( then)

she resigned in May, since when we've had no applicants — elle a démissionné en mai, et depuis (lors) nous n'avons reçu aucune candidature

until when we must stay calm — d'ici là nous devons rester calmes

by when we will have received the information — d'ici là nous aurons reçu toutes les informations

4) ( whenever) quand

he's only happy when he's moaning — il n'est content que quand il rouspète

when I sunbathe, I get freckles — chaque fois que je prends un bain de soleil, j'ai des taches de rousseur

when possible — dans la mesure du possible
3.
conjunction

1) ( at the precise time when) quand, lorsque

when she reaches 18 — quand elle aura 18 ans

2) ( during the period when) quand, lorsque

when he was at school — quand il était à l'école

3) ( as soon as) quand, dès que

I was strolling along when all of a sudden... — je marchais tranquillement quand tout d'un coup...

4) ( when it is the case that) alors que

why buy their products when ours are cheaper? — pourquoi acheter leurs produits alors que les nôtres sont moins chers?

5) ( whereas) alors que

he refused when I would have gladly accepted — il a refusé alors que j'aurais été ravi d'accepter

English-French dictionary > when
20 Usage note : it

When it is used as a subject pronoun to refer to a specific object (or animal) il or elle is used in French according to the gender of the object referred to:

‘where is the book/chair?’ ‘it’s in the kitchen’

= ‘où est le livre/la chaise?’ ‘il/elle est dans la cuisine’

‘do you like my skirt?’ ‘it’s lovely’

= ‘est-ce que tu aimes ma jupe?’ ‘elle est très jolie’

However, if the object referred to is named in the same sentence, it is translated by ce (c’ before a vowel):

it’s a good film

= c’est un bon film

When it is used as an object pronoun it is translated by le or la (l’ before a vowel) according to the gender of the object referred to:

it’s my book/my chair and I want it

= c’est mon livre/ma chaise et je le/la veux

Note that the object pronoun normally comes before the verb in French and that in compound tenses like the perfect and the past perfect, the past participle agrees with it:

I liked his shirt - did you notice it?

= j’ai aimé sa chemise - est-ce que tu l’as remarquée? or l’as-tu remarquée?

In imperatives only, the pronoun comes after the verb:

it’s my book - give it to me

= c’est mon livre - donne-le-moi (note the hyphens)

When it is used vaguely or impersonally followed by an adjective the translation is ce (c’ before a vowel):

it’s difficult

= c’est difficile

it’s sad

= c’est triste

But when it is used impersonally followed by an adjective + verb the translation is il:

it’s difficult to understand how…

= il est difficile de comprendre comment …

If in doubt consult the entry for the adjective in question.

For translations for impersonal verb uses (it’s raining, it’s snowing) consult the entry for the verb in question.

it is used in expressions of days of the week (it’s Friday) and clock time (it’s 5 o’clock). This dictionary contains usage notes on these and many other topics. For other impersonal and idiomatic uses see the entry it.

When it is used after a preposition in English the two words (prep + it) are often translated by one word in French. If the preposition would normally be translated by de in French (e.g. of, about, from etc.) the prep + it = en:

I’ve heard about it

= j’en ai entendu parler

If the preposition would normally be translated by à in French (e.g. to, in, at etc.) the prep + it = y:

they went to it

= ils y sont allés

For translations of it following prepositions not normally translated by de or à (e.g. above, under, over etc.) consult the entry for the preposition.

Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : it

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